1943 POR - Outdoor Service Certificate
When a Ranger has gained the H.E.S. Armlet, or has worked at the basic training for at least a year, she may specialize and work for a Ranger Certificate. A Certificate is given for each section when a test in any one subject has been passed. The examinations of recognised outside societies should, where possible, be taken to qualify for Ranger Certificates.
ASTRONOMER
1) Hold the Guide Astronomer badge.
2) Have a knowledge of the solar system as follows:
a) The Sun. Its dimensions and constitution, sun spot cycle, the corona and prominencies
b) The Moon. Its dimensions, movement and phases, and lunar theories
c) The Planets (including Pluto). Their relative sizes, distance from the sun, periods of rotation and revolution, satellites and Bode's Law.
d) Comets and Meteors. Their relationship to each other.
3) Understand what is meant by altitude, sight, ascension, declination, celestial pole, zenith, eliptic, zodiac, celestial equator, circumpolar stars, equinox, day and night, and the seasons.
4) Explain the reasons for the eclipses of the sun and the moon.
5) Have some knowledge of the fixed stars, star magnitudes, the chief constellations, variable stars, novae, star clusters and nebulae.
6) Have made observations of the movements of the heavenly bodies, including the moon, planets and fixed stars.
7) Understand the use of astronomical data as given, e.g. in Whitaker's Almanac.
8) Using a small telescope, observe as far as possible sun-spots, meteors, the mon's surface, eclipses, the planets, double stars, nebulae, and clusters.
CAMPCRAFT
A Ranger should have camped at least two weeks before entering for this test.
1) Know the usual requirements for personal kit and general equipment for a week-end camp.
2) Go out and select a camp site and make a rough plan of it, showing the slope of the ground, natural features, proximity of railroad, town etc., and add suggested sites for tents, latrines, kitchen stores, wash-houses, shelter, etc.
3) Be responsible for overseeing the pitching and striking of a tent, and the care of it in fine and wet weather. Erect suitable screening, and have a knowledge of camp sanitation.
4) Show a knowledge of the cooking and storage of food, and menus for a small camp.
5) Pass one of the following:
a) Recognise a mushroom and six different herbs.
b) Have identified in the open six different kinds of birds
c) Point out and name six different constellations
d) Have six different plaster casts of the tracks of animals or birds.
e) Hold the Guide Naturalist Badge.
f) Know the six weather signs.
6) Know the precautions to take when lighting a camp fire in inflammable surroundings, and how to extinguish it after use, leaving no traces behind, and how to deal with outbreaks of fire. Know six different kinds of trees with their respective value as firewood.
7) Render first aid in emergencies which might occur in camp, and give a list of first aid equipment suitable for a Ranger week-end (Holders of the Camp First Aid Certificate are exempt from this clause).
8) Show a knowledge of the bathing rules.
The tester must be a qualified person nominated by the Ranger's County Camp Adviser.
EXPLORER
A Ranger will be required to make a two-days' exploration of unknown country, carrying the necessary kit (which she has thought out and collected herself), also food, or a limited sum of money with which to buy it. Maps and instructions will be given her by the tester.
Further similar explorations may be undertaken with the permission of the Commissioner and Camp Adviser.
The tester must be a qualified person nominated by the County Camp Adviser, who must be consulted thorough the usual channels before a Ranger may enter for this certificate.
FORESTRY
1) Have worked at least one week in a forest or sawmill or nursery.
2) Understand sowing and the transplanting of trees in a nursery and the age at which they are planted out, or
Understand the principles of thinning, and what is meant by light demanders and shade bearers.
3) Know the time of year to plant, and two methods of planting.
4) Recognise at least six ordinary forest trees; know where they are usually planted and why.
5) Use a crosscut saw, axe or hatchet. fell a tree with one helper, and shed it. Measure it and read its volume from a Hoppus measurer.
6) Know the meaning of: Beating-up, tilth, scantling, band saw, 2 year 2 year, natural regeneration, creosote.
LANDGIRL
Any one section may be taken for the certificate
I Landwork
1) Have worked on a farm for a full year, and have a certificate from the farmer to say that she ahs been a good worker.
2) Understand the general plan of arable farming, and know the season al work which is done in the farm's locality.
3) Show some knowledge of live stock, and what breeds of cattle, horses, sheep and pigs are common to the locality, and for what they are sued. Have worked either with dairy cows, store cattle, pigs, sheep or horses.
4) Have worked either with a tractor, elevator machine, milking machine or thrashing set. Prove to the tester that she has taken part in the work intelligently.
5) Have a knowledge of either pedigree stock or the distinguishing characteristics of three varieties of wheat and two of oats and barley, or care and working of farm machinery.
II Dairymaid
1) Have assisted in the care of dairy cows for one year.
2) Be either a good dry hand milker, or, if machines are used, be able to take them to pieces and clean them properly. Be able to strip cows thoroughly.
3) Know why cooling, sterilizing, etc., are necessary. Be able to weigh milk and either fill or seal churns or bottles.
4) BE able to make either butter or cheese, or feed calves.
5) Know something of the different designations, and understand either milk recording, the Attested Scheme, or what the M.M.B. is
III Poultry Farmer
1) Have worked among poultry for a year.
2) Have reared chicks with either hens or incubator and brooder, or have reared ducklings or goslings.
3) Have looked after laying hens, and either a breeding hen or fattening cockerels.
4) Understand housing, feeding, disinfecting against insect pests, and packing and grading eggs.
5) Have helped to deal with at least two poultry ills, i.e. gapes, etc.
IV Horticulturist
1) Have worked in a garden for a year.
2) Understand the seasonal work for growing hardy flowers and vegetables, and two semi-hardy vegetables (celery, tomatoes, etc).
3) Show experience of either fruit growing (four varieties) or work in a glasshouse.
4) Be able to prune and take cuttings, and explain the workings of her garden to an interested visitor.
5) Produce a certificate of good work from either her employer or (if not professional) some other proficient person who knows her garden and her work.
V Bee Keeper
1) Have complete charge of a hive of bees for one year.
2) Have taken and hived a swarm, and have fed bees.
3) Have assembled a hive, extracted and bottled honey.
4) Have knowledge of the life of a bee and of their community.
5) Understand honey production, and know the flowers visited by bees for nectar and pollen.
6) Know precautions against bee stings and treatment for them.
VI Rabbit Keeper
1) Have kept rabbits for at least a year.
2) Have reared two litters.
3) Understand housing (indoor and out).
4) Make a chart of suitable feeding stuffs for summer and winter; and name some unsuitable foodstuffs which might be given by the inexperienced.
5) Know ordinary rabbit ailments, their prevention and cure.
6) Name and describe six different breeds and their uses.
7) Understand simple methods of crossing and breeding.
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE
Any two sections may be taken for the certificate.
I History
1) Know the origin of eight local place names.
2) Know the story, legend, folk song or dance of the vicinity
3) Know the lives of at lest three "local Worthies" who may be saints, heroes or heroines, philanthropists, statesmen, authors, artists, scientists, or any person of historical or artistic importance, who have spent part of their lives in the neighbourhood.
4) Draw a sketch map of the neighbourhood, showing the situation of the principal buildings, churches, public offices, schools, institutions, factories, quarries, pits, mountains, rivers, lakes, etc.
5) Have visited six places of historical interest in the vicinity, and be able to answer questions about them; or
Give a short account of six important events that have taken place in the district.
6) Give a description of the district at two different periods in the past, e.g. Early English, Norman, etc.; or
If any excavations have been made in the neighbourhood, know and describe the implements, pottery, ornaments, inscriptions, etc., that have been found.
7) Act at least one scene from the history of the neighbourhood.
II Natural History
For Country Rangers
1) Know the haunts of ten wild birds or animals, and twenty plants in the neighbourhood.
2) Describe the succession of flora on a certain bank or wood or elsewhere, throughout the year, or marine life on the shore in the neighbourhood.
3) Know the best places for camps, picnics, etc.
For Town Rangers
1) Know what trees and birds are to be found in the parks, public gardens, etc.
2) Have paid at least three visits to the Natural History Museum, or Zoological or Botanical Gardens, and describe fully ten birds or animals seen there.
3) Know where the sun ruses and sets ad mid-winter and mid-summer, with regard to local landmarks.
4) Know six constellations and their positions in the sky in (or about) 1st February, 1st May, 1st August, and 1st November, at 10pm.
III Geography
1) Hold the Pathfinder badge.
2) Know the general lie of the land, the heights of mountains, the course of rivers, and other natural features.
3) Describe soils and climactic conditions, and their effect on local life.
IV Crafts
1) Describe the history, process and development of at least two local industries - agricultural, industrial, artistic or other.
2) Describe the local facilities which have determined the development of each craft in the neighbourhood.
V Social Knowledge
1) Have performed acts of civic helpfulness in the town or village, at the request of some competent authority.
2) Know and describe, with fair accuracy as to position and area, all the public open spaces (commons, parks, gardens, recreation fields), the public swimming-baths and play-centres in the neighbourhood.
3) Guide a stranger to the town hall, guildhall, village halls, and other centres of municipal government in the neighbourhood. Know broadly the functions of the Borough Council (or County Council), and District or Parish Council, according to the locality. Give the name of the Mayor or Chairman of the Council.
4) Know the position of the police stations, fire stations, fire alarms and means for dealing with fire in the neighbourhood.
5) Know the position of the main public institutions in the neighbourhood, the date when founded, the use to which put, the way in which organized, and something of their relation to the larger social systems, national or provincial, of which they may form a part.
6) Know the names of the main roads and railways passing through the district, whence and whither they lead; or
Describe the means of communication, transit, lighting, water and power supply of the town.
NATURALIST
1) Keep a nature diary for three months, containing not less than sixty entries.
2) Recognise twenty birds in the field by appearance, flight, call, notes or song. Know their haunts, nests and habits; or
Recognise fifty different plants, know their habitat, flowering season and method of seed dispersal (fungi and mosses may be included among the fifty plants); or
Keep a daily weather chart for two months; know the different types of cloud and what they portend; or
Know the four constellations grouped round the Pole Star, and their relative positions in December, March, June and September, and know six other constellations visible in winter and six visible in summer.
3) Know twenty trees by their leaves, flowers, fruit and twigs; recognise them at 50 yards' distance and know the uses of their woods.
4) Have seen and be able to describe the appearance and habits of two wild animals that live in the vicinity.
For Town Rangers only
When circumstances make section 4 impossible, this may be omitted and an extra section under No. 2 substituted.
RIFLE SHOT
1) Fire the following tests twice, on different dates, obtaining at least minimum score. .22 rifle to be used. Telescopic sight not allowed. Ten shots each yard.
a) 100 yards minimum score 130 S.M.R.C. match target.
b) 50 yards minimum score 140 S.M.R.C. match target.
c) 25 yards minimum score 150 S.M.R.C. match target.
2) Know the safety rules for handling a rifle, and its action, and how to clean and re-assemble.
3) Have noted the sight-reading on the range, and prove to the tester that she is a suitable person to have the handling of fire-arms.
WATER-NATURALIST
Either section may be taken for the certificate.
Sea
1) Know the normal extent of high and low tide on her own shore, and the cause of unusual tides.
2) Know what sea products are obtained locally, and how they are obtained.
3) Make a collection of local sea weeds and know where they grown.
4) Show a list of birds seen on shore or water, with dates.
5) Collect and name twenty shells; explain the connection between their form and mode of life.
6) Make a special study of one rock pool and describe the habits of the creatures in it; or
Make a survey of a strip of shore, form above high-water mark to low-water mark.
7) Recognise six tracks on the shore; or
Find and name ten plants peculiar to the shore or salt marsh.
8) At the test, identify on the shore six aquatic creatures (jelly-fish, star-fish, anemone, etc.).
River or Inland Water
1) Have a general idea of the course of a local fiver from the source to the mouth, and know any industries dependent on it.
2) Make a survey of one mile of a river and its banks.
3) Observe and describe the habits of six underwater creatures.
4) Show a list of birds seen on tor by the water, with dates and personal observations on the habits of six of them.
5) Recognise five tracks on a bank.
6) Find and name six plants that grow in the water, and twenty that grow on the banks.
1947 POR - Outdoor Service
ASTRONOMER
1) Hold the Guide Astronomer badge.
2) Have a knowledge of the solar system as follows:
a) The Sun. Its dimensions and constitution, sun spot cycle, the corona and prominences.
b) The Moon. Its dimensions, movement and phases.
c) The Planets (including Pluto). Their relative sizes, distance from the sun, periods of rotation and revolution, satellites and Bode's Law.
d) Comets and Meteors. Their relationship to each other.
3) Understand what is meant by altitude, sight, ascension, declination, celestial pole, zenith, ecliptic, zodiac, celestial equator, circumpolar stars, equinox, day and night, and the seasons.
4) Explain the reasons for the eclipses of the sun and the moon.
5) Know what is meant by a fixed star, novae, star clusters, and nebulae, and have a knowledge of star magnitudes and chief constellations.
6) Have made observations of the movements of the heavenly bodies, including the moon, planets and fixed stars.
7) Understand the use of astronomical data as given in an abbreviated Whitaker's Almanac or in Pear's Dictionary.
8) Using a small telescope, observe as far as possible sun-spots, meteors, the moon's surface, eclipses, the planets, double stars, nebulae, and clusters.
CAMPCRAFT
See Camping chapter, Rule 89.
Campcraft Certificate - A Guider, Cadet or Ranger must have satisfied the Camp Adviser that she has had sufficient practical experience before entering for the test.
a) Know the usual requirements for personal kit and general equipment for a week-end camp.
b) Make a detailed plan of a given or chosen site.
c) Be responsible for overseeing the pitching and striking of a tent, and the care of it in fine and wet weather, and be able to do small repairs. Erect suitable screening , and have a knowledge of camp sanitation.
d) Show a knowledge of the cooking and storage of food, and menus for a small camp.*
e) Know the precautions to take when lighting a fire in any surroundings and how to deal with outbreaks of fire. Know six different kinds of trees and their respective value as firewood. Be able to use an axe.
f) Render first aid in emergencies which might occur in camp, and give a list of first aid equipment suitable for small camp $
g) Show that she has a practical knowledge of pitching and striking camp, and of clearing a site.
h) show a knowledge of the bathing rules.
* Holders of the Junior Quartermaster Certificate are exempt from this clause.
$ Holders of the camp First Aid Certificate are exempt form this clause.
FORESTER
1) Have worked at least one week in a forest or sawmill or nursery.
2) Understand sowing and the transplanting of trees in a nursery and the age at which they are plated out, or
Understand the principles of thinning, and what is meant by light demanders and shade bearers.
3) Know the time of year to plant, and two methods of planning.
4) Recognise at least six ordinary forest trees; know where they are usually plated and why.
5) Use a crosscut saw, axe or hatchet. Fell a tree with one helper, and shed it. Measure it and read its volume from a Hoppus measurer.
6) Know the meaning of: Beating-up, tilth, scantling, band saw, 2 year 2 year, natural regeneration, creosote.
LAND-GIRL
Any one section may be taken for the certificate
I. Landwork
1) Have worked on a farm for a full year, and have a certificate from the farmer to say that she has been a good worker.
2) Understand the general plan of arable farming, and know the seasonal work which is done in the farmer's locality.
3) Show some knowledge of live stock, and what breeds of cattle, horses, sheep and pigs are common to the locality, and for what they are used. Have worked either with dairy cows, store cattle, pigs, sheep or horses.
4) Have worked either with a tractor, elevator machine, milking machine or thrashing set. Prove to the tester that she has taken part in the work intelligently.
5) Have a knowledge of either pedigree stock or the distinguishing characteristics of three varieties of wheat and two of oats and barley, or care and working of farm machinery.
II Dairymaid
1) Have assisted in the care of dairy cows for one year.
2) Be either a good dry hand milker, or, if machines are used, be able to take them to pieces and clean them properly. Be able to strip cows thoroughly.
3) Know why colling, sterilising, etc., are necessary. Be able to weigh milk and either fill or seal churns or bottles.
4) Be able to make either butter or cheese, or feed calves.
5) Know something of the different designations, and understand milk recording, the Attested Scheme, or what the M.M.B. is.
III Poultry Farmer
1) Have worked among poultry for a year.
2) Have reared chicks with either hens or incubator and brooder, or have reared ducklings and goslings.
3) Have looked after laying hens, and either r a breeding hen or fattening cockerels.
4) Understand housing, feeding, disinfecting against insect pests, and packing and grading eggs.
5) Have helped to deal with alt least two poultry ills, i.e. gapes, etc.
IV Horticulturalist
1) Have worked in a garden for a year.
2) Understand the seasonal work for growing hardy flowers and vegetables, and two semi-hardy vegetables (celery, tomatoes, etc).
3) Show experience of either fruit growing (four varieties) or work in a glasshouse.
4) Be able to prune and take cuttings, and explain the workings of her garden to an interested visitor.
5) Produce a certificate of good work from either her employer or (if not professional) some other proficient person who knows her garden and her work.
V Bee Keeper
1) Have complete charge of a hive of bees for one year.
2) Have taken and hived a swarm, and have fed bees.
3) Have assembled a hive, extracted and bottled honey.
4) Have knowledge of the life of a bee and of their community.
5) Understand honey production, and know the flowers visited by bees for nectar and pollen.
6) Know precautions against bee stings and treatment for them.
VI Rabbit Keeper
1) Have kept rabbits for at least a year.
2) Have reared two litters.
3) Understand housing (indoor and out).
4) Make a chart of suitable feeding stuffs for summer and winter, and name some unsuitable foodstuffs which might be given by the inexperienced.
5) Know ordinary rabbit ailments, their prevention and cure.
6) Name and describe six different breeds and their uses.
7) Understand simple methods of crossing and breeding.
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE
Either Part I or Part II may be taken with Part III
I. History
1) Know the origin of eight local place-names
2) Know the story, legend, folk song, or dance of the vicinity.
3) Know the lives of at least three "local worthies" who may be saints, heroes, or heroines, philanthropists, statesmen, authors, artists, scientists, or any persons of historical or artistic importance, who have spent part of their lives in the neighbourhood.
4) Have visited six places of historical interest in the vicinity, and be able to answer questions about them; or
Give a short account of six important events that have taken place in the district.
5) Give a description of the district at two different periods in the past, e.g. Early English, Norman, etc.; or
If any excavation have been made in the neighbourhood, know and describe the implements, pottery, ornaments, inscriptions, etc., that have been found.
II Social Knowledge
1) Have performed acts of civic helpfulness in the town or village, at the request of some competent authority.
2) Know and describe, with fair accuracy as to pistion and area, all the public open spaces (commons, parks, gardens, recreation fields), the public swimming-baths and play centres in the neighbourhood.
3) Guide a stranger to the town hall, guildhall, village halls, and other centres of municipal government in the neighbourhood. Know broadly the functions of the Borough Council (or County Council), and District or Parish Council, according to the locality. Give the name of the mayor or Chairman of the Council.
4) Know the position of the main public institutions in the neighbourhood, the date when founded, the use to which put, the way in which organized, and something of their relation to the larger social systems, national or provincial, of which they may form a part.
6) Know the names of the main roads and railways passing through the district whence and whither they lead; or
Describe the means of communication, transit, lighting, water and power supply of the town.
III Explorer
1) Know the general lie of the land, the heights of mountains, the course of rivers, and other natural features.
2) Describe soils and climatic conditions and their effects on local life. Or
1) Describe the history, progress and development of at least two local industries - agricultural, industrial, artistic, or other.
2) Describe the local facilities which have determined the development of each craft in the neighourhood.
And
a) For Country Rangers;
3) Know the haunts of ten wild birds or animals and twenty plants in the neighbourhood.
4) Describe the succession of flora on a certain bank or wood, or elsewhere, through the year, or marine life on the shore in the neighbourhood.
5) Know the best places for camps, picnics, etc.
b) For Town Rangers
3) Know what trees and birds are to be found in the parks, public gardens, etc.
4) Have paid at least three visits to the local natural history museum or zoological or botanical gardens, and describe fully ten birds, plants or animals seen there.
5) Know where the sun rises and sets ant mid-winter and mid-summer with regard to local landmarks.
6) Know six constellations and their position in the sky on (or about) 1st February, 1st May, 1st August, and 1st November at 10pm.
WATER NATURALIST
Either section may be taken for the certificate.
Sea
1) Know the normal extent of high and low tide on her own shore, and the cause of unusual tides.
2) Know what sea products are obtained locally, and how they are obtained
3) Make a collection of local sea weeds and know where they grown.
4) Show a list of birds seen on shore or water, with dates.
5) Collect and name twenty shells; explain the connection between their form and mode of life.
) Make a special study of one rock pool and describe the habits of the creatures in it; or Make a survey of a strip of shore from above high-water mark to low-water mark.
7) Recognise six tracks on the shore; or Find and name ten plats peculiar to the shore or salt marsh.
8) At the test, identify on the shore six aquatic creatures (jelly-fish, star-fish, anemone, etc.).
River or Inland Water
1) Have a general idea of the course of a local river from the source to the mouth, and know any industries dependent on it.
2) Make a survey of one mile of a river and its banks.
3) Observe and describe the habits of six underwater creatures.
4) Show a list of birds seen on or by the water, with dates and person observations on the habits of six of them.
5) Recognise five tracks on a bank.
6) Find and name six plats that grown in the water, and twenty that grow on the banks.
WOODCRAFT
1) Keep a nature diary for three months, containing not less than sixty entries.
2) Recognise twenty birds in the field by appearance, flight, call, notes or song. Know their haunts, nests and habits; or
Recognise fifty different plants, know their habitat, flowering season and method of seed dispersal (fungi and mosses may be included among the fifty plants); or
Keep a daily weather chart for two months; know the different types of cloud and what they portend; or
Know the four constellations grouped round the Pole Star, and their relative positions in December, March, June and September, and know six other constellations visible in winter and six visible in summer.
3) Know twenty trees by their leaves, flowers, fruit and twigs; recognise them at 50 yards' distance, and know the uses of their woods.
4) Have seen and be able to describe the appearance and habits of two wild animals that live in the vicinity.
For Town Rangers only
When circumstances make Clause 4 impossible, this may be omitted and an extra section under Clause 2 substituted.
1950 POR - Outdoor Service
ASTRONOMER
1) Hold the Guide Astronomer badge.
2) Have a knowledge of the solar system as follows:
a) The Sun. Its dimensions and constitution, sun spot cycle, the corona and prominences.
b) The Moon. Its dimensions, movement and phases.
c) The Planets (including Pluto). Their relative sizes, distance from the sun, periods of rotation and revolution, satellites and Bode's Law.
d) Comets and Meteors. Their relationship to each other.
3) Understand what is meant by altitude, sight, ascension, declination, celestial pole, zenith, ecliptic, zodiac, celestial equator, circumpolar stars, equinox, day and night, and the seasons.
4) Explain the reasons for the eclipses of the sun and the moon.
5) Know what is meant by a fixed star, novae, star clusters, and nebulae, and have a knowledge of star magnitudes and chief constellations.
6) Have made observations of the movements of the heavenly bodies, including the moon, planets and fixed stars.
7) Understand the use of astronomical data as given in an abbreviated Whitaker's Almanac or in Pear's Dictionary.
8) Using a small telescope, observe as far as possible sun-spots, meteors, the moon's surface, eclipses, the planets, double stars, nebulae, and clusters.
CAMPCRAFT
See Camping chapter, Rule 89.
Campcraft Certificate - A Guider, Cadet or Ranger must have satisfied the Camp Adviser that she has had sufficient practical experience before entering for the test.
a) Know the usual requirements for personal kit and general equipment for a week-end camp.
b) Make a detailed plan of a given or chosen site.
c) Be responsible for overseeing the pitching and striking of a tent, and the care of it in fine and wet weather, and be able to do small repairs. Erect suitable screening , and have a knowledge of camp sanitation.
d) Show a knowledge of the cooking and storage of food, and menus for a small camp.*
e) Know the precautions to take when lighting a fire in any surroundings and how to deal with outbreaks of fire. Know six different kinds of trees and their respective value as firewood. Be able to use an axe.
f) Render first aid in emergencies which might occur in camp, and give a list of first aid equipment suitable for small camp $
g) Show that she has a practical knowledge of pitching and striking camp, and of clearing a site.
This certificate may be taken on a mobile (lightweight) or standing camp basis, and the Cadet or Ranger must have satisfied the Camp Adviser that she has had sufficient practical experience before entering fort he test. A permit is necessary before the holder of the above certificate may run a camp.
EXPLORER
1) Submit a record of exploration and expeditions carried out over a period of at least six months. These may include those done in connection with Part I of the Ranger Service Star and the Achievement of the Land Ranger Adventurer's Test.
2) Go on a two-day exploration of unknown country, if possible more than 50 miles from her home. Maps and instructions to be provided by the tester.
FORESTER
1) Have worked at least one week in a forest or sawmill or nursery.
2) Understand sowing and the transplanting of trees in a nursery and the age at which they are plated out, or
Understand the principles of thinning, and what is meant by light demanders and shade bearers.
3) Know the time of year to plant, and two methods of planning.
4) Recognise at least six ordinary forest trees; know where they are usually plated and why.
5) Use a crosscut saw, axe or hatchet. Fell a tree with one helper, and shed it. Measure it and read its volume from a Hoppus measurer.
6) Know the meaning of: Beating-up, tilth, scantling, band saw, 2 year 2 year, natural regeneration, creosote.
LAND-GIRL
Any one section may be taken for the certificate
I. Landwork
1) Have worked on a farm for a full year, and have a certificate from the farmer to say that she has been a good worker.
2) Understand the general plan of arable farming, and know the seasonal work which is done in the farmer's locality.
3) Show some knowledge of live stock, and what breeds of cattle, horses, sheep and pigs are common to the locality, and for what they are used. Have worked either with dairy cows, store cattle, pigs, sheep or horses.
4) Have worked either with a tractor, elevator machine, milking machine or thrashing set. Prove to the tester that she has taken part in the work intelligently.
5) Have a knowledge of either pedigree stock or the distinguishing characteristics of three varieties of wheat and two of oats and barley, or care and working of farm machinery.
II Dairymaid
1) Have assisted in the care of dairy cows for one year.
2) Be either a good dry hand milker, or, if machines are used, be able to take them to pieces and clean them properly. Be able to strip cows thoroughly.
3) Know why colling, sterilising, etc., are necessary. Be able to weigh milk and either fill or seal churns or bottles.
4) Be able to make either butter or cheese, or feed calves.
5) Know something of the different designations, and understand milk recording, the Attested Scheme, or what the M.M.B. is.
III Poultry Farmer
1) Have worked among poultry for a year.
2) Have reared chicks with either hens or incubator and brooder, or have reared ducklings and goslings.
3) Have looked after laying hens, and either r a breeding hen or fattening cockerels.
4) Understand housing, feeding, disinfecting against insect pests, and packing and grading eggs.
5) Have helped to deal with alt least two poultry ills, i.e. gapes, etc.
IV Horticulturalist
1) Have worked in a garden for a year.
2) Understand the seasonal work for growing hardy flowers and vegetables, and two semi-hardy vegetables (celery, tomatoes, etc).
3) Show experience of either fruit growing (four varieties) or work in a glasshouse.
4) Be able to prune and take cuttings, and explain the workings of her garden to an interested visitor.
5) Produce a certificate of good work from either her employer or (if not professional) some other proficient person who knows her garden and her work.
V Bee Keeper
1) Have complete charge of a hive of bees for one year.
2) Have taken and hived a swarm, and have fed bees.
3) Have assembled a hive, extracted and bottled honey.
4) Have knowledge of the life of a bee and of their community.
5) Understand honey production, and know the flowers visited by bees for nectar and pollen.
6) Know precautions against bee stings and treatment for them.
VI Rabbit Keeper
1) Have kept rabbits for at least a year.
2) Have reared two litters.
3) Understand housing (indoor and out).
4) Make a chart of suitable feeding stuffs for summer and winter, and name some unsuitable foodstuffs which might be given by the inexperienced.
5) Know ordinary rabbit ailments, their prevention and cure.
6) Name and describe six different breeds and their uses.
7) Understand simple methods of crossing and breeding.
VII Horsewoman
1) Catch, water, feed, groom, and saddle a horse or pony, or catch, water, feed, groom, and harness a horse or pony to a cart or trap.
2) Mount and ride a horse or pony, showing ability to control her mount walking, trotting, and cantering, and to take it over small jumps; or
Drive a horse or pony through gates and in traffic, and down hill.
3) Understand the main principles of feeding, and the care of horses when stabled and at grass.
4) Keep stables and harness-room clean and tidy. Understand cleaning and care of harness.
5) Understand elementary principles of harnessing, biting, and shoeing to ensure the comfort of the horse and to prevent or relieve sore backs, shoulders, girth galls, and broken hooves.
6) Know when a horse is lame or in poor condition and be able to treat any of the more obvious causes of lameness, such as stone in shoe.
7) Show that she understands something of the temperament of horses and uses tact and common sense in handling them.
This certificate will also be awarded to a Ranger who holds the "B" certificate of the Pony Club.
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE
Either Part I or Part II may be taken with Part III
I. History
1) Know the origin of eight local place-names
2) Know the story, legend, folk song, or dance of the vicinity.
3) Know the lives of at least three "local worthies" who may be saints, heroes, or heroines, philanthropists, statesmen, authors, artists, scientists, or any persons of historical or artistic importance, who have spent part of their lives in the neighbourhood.
4) Have visited six places of historical interest in the vicinity, and be able to answer questions about them; or
Give a short account of six important events that have taken place in the district.
5) Give a description of the district at two different periods in the past, e.g. Early English, Norman, etc.; or
If any excavation have been made in the neighbourhood, know and describe the implements, pottery, ornaments, inscriptions, etc., that have been found.
II Social Knowledge
1) Have performed acts of civic helpfulness in the town or village, at the request of some competent authority.
2) Know and describe, with fair accuracy as to pistion and area, all the public open spaces (commons, parks, gardens, recreation fields), the public swimming-baths and play centres in the neighbourhood.
3) Guide a stranger to the town hall, guildhall, village halls, and other centres of municipal government in the neighbourhood. Know broadly the functions of the Borough Council (or County Council), and District or Parish Council, according to the locality. Give the name of the mayor or Chairman of the Council.
4) Know the position of the main public institutions in the neighbourhood, the date when founded, the use to which put, the way in which organized, and something of their relation to the larger social systems, national or provincial, of which they may form a part.
6) Know the names of the main roads and railways passing through the district whence and whither they lead; or
Describe the means of communication, transit, lighting, water and power supply of the town.
III Explorer
1) Know the general lie of the land, the heights of mountains, the course of rivers, and other natural features.
2) Describe soils and climatic conditions and their effects on local life. Or
1) Describe the history, progress and development of at least two local industries - agricultural, industrial, artistic, or other.
2) Describe the local facilities which have determined the development of each craft in the neighourhood.
And
a) For Country Rangers;
3) Know the haunts of ten wild birds or animals and twenty plants in the neighbourhood.
4) Describe the succession of flora on a certain bank or wood, or elsewhere, through the year, or marine life on the shore in the neighbourhood.
5) Know the best places for camps, picnics, etc.
b) For Town Rangers
3) Know what trees and birds are to be found in the parks, public gardens, etc.
4) Have paid at least three visits to the local natural history museum or zoological or botanical gardens, and describe fully ten birds, plants or animals seen there.
5) Know where the sun rises and sets ant mid-winter and mid-summer with regard to local landmarks.
6) Know six constellations and their position in the sky on (or about) 1st February, 1st May, 1st August, and 1st November at 10pm.
WATER NATURALIST
Either section may be taken for the certificate.
Sea
1) Know the normal extent of high and low tide on her own shore, and the cause of unusual tides.
2) Know what sea products are obtained locally, and how they are obtained
3) Make a collection of local sea weeds and know where they grown.
4) Show a list of birds seen on shore or water, with dates.
5) Collect and name twenty shells; explain the connection between their form and mode of life.
) Make a special study of one rock pool and describe the habits of the creatures in it; or Make a survey of a strip of shore from above high-water mark to low-water mark.
7) Recognise six tracks on the shore; or Find and name ten plats peculiar to the shore or salt marsh.
8) At the test, identify on the shore six aquatic creatures (jelly-fish, star-fish, anemone, etc.).
River or Inland Water
1) Have a general idea of the course of a local river from the source to the mouth, and know any industries dependent on it.
2) Make a survey of one mile of a river and its banks.
3) Observe and describe the habits of six underwater creatures.
4) Show a list of birds seen on or by the water, with dates and person observations on the habits of six of them.
5) Recognise five tracks on a bank.
6) Find and name six plats that grown in the water, and twenty that grow on the banks.
WOODCRAFT
1) Keep a nature diary for three months, containing not less than sixty entries.
2) Recognise twenty birds in the field by appearance, flight, call, notes or song. Know their haunts, nests and habits; or
Recognise fifty different plants, know their habitat, flowering season and method of seed dispersal (fungi and mosses may be included among the fifty plants); or
Keep a daily weather chart for two months; know the different types of cloud and what they portend; or
Know the four constellations grouped round the Pole Star, and their relative positions in December, March, June and September, and know six other constellations visible in winter and six visible in summer.
3) Know twenty trees by their leaves, flowers, fruit and twigs; recognise them at 50 yards' distance, and know the uses of their woods.
4) Have seen and be able to describe the appearance and habits of two wild animals that live in the vicinity.
For Town Rangers only
When circumstances make Clause 4 impossible, this may be omitted and an extra section under Clause 2 substituted.
1953 POR - Outdoor Service
ASTRONOMER
1) Hold the Guide Astronomer badge.
2) Have a knowledge of the solar system as follows:
a) The Sun. Its dimensions and constitution, sun spot cycle, the corona and prominences.
b) The Moon. Its dimensions, movement and phases.
c) The Planets (including Pluto). Their relative sizes, distance from the sun, periods of rotation and revolution, satellites and Bode's Law.
d) Comets and Meteors. Their relationship to each other.
3) Understand what is meant by altitude, sight, ascension, declination, celestial pole, zenith, ecliptic, zodiac, celestial equator, circumpolar stars, equinox, day and night, and the seasons.
4) Explain the reasons for the eclipses of the sun and the moon.
5) Know what is meant by a fixed star, novae, star clusters, and nebulae, and have a knowledge of star magnitudes and chief constellations.
6) Have made observations of the movements of the heavenly bodies, including the moon, planets and fixed stars.
7) Understand the use of astronomical data as given in an abbreviated Whitaker's Almanac or in Pear's Dictionary.
8) Using a small telescope, observe as far as possible sun-spots, meteors, the moon's surface, eclipses, the planets, double stars, nebulae, and clusters.
CAMPCRAFT
See Camping chapter, Rule 89.
Campcraft Certificate - A Guider, Cadet or Ranger must have satisfied the Camp Adviser that she has had sufficient practical experience before entering for the test.
a) Know the usual requirements for personal kit and general equipment for a week-end camp.
b) Make a detailed plan of a given or chosen site.
c) Be responsible for overseeing the pitching and striking of a tent, and the care of it in fine and wet weather, and be able to do small repairs. Erect suitable screening , and have a knowledge of camp sanitation.
d) Show a knowledge of the cooking and storage of food, and menus for a small camp.*
e) Know the precautions to take when lighting a fire in any surroundings and how to deal with outbreaks of fire. Know six different kinds of trees and their respective value as firewood. Be able to use an axe.
f) Render first aid in emergencies which might occur in camp, and give a list of first aid equipment suitable for small camp $
g) Show that she has a practical knowledge of pitching and striking camp, and of clearing a site.
This certificate may be taken on a mobile (lightweight) or standing camp basis, and the Cadet or Ranger must have satisfied the Camp Adviser that she has had sufficient practical experience before entering fort he test. A permit is necessary before the holder of the above certificate may run a camp.
CLIMBER
1) Hold the Hill-Walker Certificate.
2) Follow a competent leader up six moderately difficult climbs in a mountain district and show ability and judgement.
3) Identify a climb with the help of a guide book.
4) Lead the tester or any other competent climber up an easy climb.
5) Understand the care required for the health and safety of a party on the hills.
6) Be aware of extra precautions required in winter.
7) Read at least one book on mountaineering, in addition to the book read for the Hill-Walker Certificate.
EXPLORER
1) Submit a record of exploration and expeditions carried out over a period of at least six months. These may include those done in connection with Part I of the Ranger Service Star and the Achievement of the Land Ranger Adventurer's Test.
2) Go on a two-day exploration of unknown country, if possible more than 50 miles from her home. Maps and instructions to be provided by the tester.
FORESTER
1) Have worked at least one week in a forest or sawmill or nursery.
2) Understand sowing and the transplanting of trees in a nursery and the age at which they are plated out, or
Understand the principles of thinning, and what is meant by light demanders and shade bearers.
3) Know the time of year to plant, and two methods of planning.
4) Recognise at least six ordinary forest trees; know where they are usually plated and why.
5) Use a crosscut saw, axe or hatchet. Fell a tree with one helper, and shed it. Measure it and read its volume from a Hoppus measurer.
6) Know the meaning of: Beating-up, tilth, scantling, band saw, 2 year 2 year, natural regeneration, creosote.
HILL WALKER
1) Have a knowledge of equipment required and precautions to take on hills.
2) Go up four mountains of approximately 2,5000 feet.
3) Pass the First Aid clause of the Ranger Service Star (or its equivalent) and know the International Distress Signal.
4) a) Follow a map in unknown, hilly country.
b) Use a compass in the mist or dark.
5) a) Understand the use and care of ropes.
b) Tie the bowline and double overhand.
c) Know the use of the belay.
6) Follow a competent leader up one easy climb (usually an easy rock climb but not necessarily so).
7) Read a book on mountaineering.
8) Know the technical terms used in climbing.
LAND-GIRL
Any one section may be taken for the certificate
I. Landwork
1) Have worked on a farm for a full year, and have a certificate from the farmer to say that she has been a good worker.
2) Understand the general plan of arable farming, and know the seasonal work which is done in the farmer's locality.
3) Show some knowledge of live stock, and what breeds of cattle, horses, sheep and pigs are common to the locality, and for what they are used. Have worked either with dairy cows, store cattle, pigs, sheep or horses.
4) Have worked either with a tractor, elevator machine, milking machine or thrashing set. Prove to the tester that she has taken part in the work intelligently.
5) Have a knowledge of either pedigree stock or the distinguishing characteristics of three varieties of wheat and two of oats and barley, or care and working of farm machinery.
II Dairymaid
1) Have assisted in the care of dairy cows for one year.
2) Be either a good dry hand milker, or, if machines are used, be able to take them to pieces and clean them properly. Be able to strip cows thoroughly.
3) Know why colling, sterilising, etc., are necessary. Be able to weigh milk and either fill or seal churns or bottles.
4) Be able to make either butter or cheese, or feed calves.
5) Know something of the different designations, and understand milk recording, the Attested Scheme, or what the M.M.B. is.
III Poultry Farmer
1) Have worked among poultry for a year.
2) Have reared chicks with either hens or incubator and brooder, or have reared ducklings and goslings.
3) Have looked after laying hens, and either r a breeding hen or fattening cockerels.
4) Understand housing, feeding, disinfecting against insect pests, and packing and grading eggs.
5) Have helped to deal with alt least two poultry ills, i.e. gapes, etc.
IV Horticulturalist
1) Have worked in a garden for a year.
2) Understand the seasonal work for growing hardy flowers and vegetables, and two semi-hardy vegetables (celery, tomatoes, etc).
3) Show experience of either fruit growing (four varieties) or work in a glasshouse.
4) Be able to prune and take cuttings, and explain the workings of her garden to an interested visitor.
5) Produce a certificate of good work from either her employer or (if not professional) some other proficient person who knows her garden and her work.
V Bee Keeper
1) Have complete charge of a hive of bees for one year.
2) Have taken and hived a swarm, and have fed bees.
3) Have assembled a hive, extracted and bottled honey.
4) Have knowledge of the life of a bee and of their community.
5) Understand honey production, and know the flowers visited by bees for nectar and pollen.
6) Know precautions against bee stings and treatment for them.
VI Rabbit Keeper
1) Have kept rabbits for at least a year.
2) Have reared two litters.
3) Understand housing (indoor and out).
4) Make a chart of suitable feeding stuffs for summer and winter, and name some unsuitable foodstuffs which might be given by the inexperienced.
5) Know ordinary rabbit ailments, their prevention and cure.
6) Name and describe six different breeds and their uses.
7) Understand simple methods of crossing and breeding.
VII Horsewoman
1) Catch, water, feed, groom, and saddle a horse or pony, or catch, water, feed, groom, and harness a horse or pony to a cart or trap.
2) Mount and ride a horse or pony, showing ability to control her mount walking, trotting, and cantering, and to take it over small jumps; or
Drive a horse or pony through gates and in traffic, and down hill.
3) Understand the main principles of feeding, and the care of horses when stabled and at grass.
4) Keep stables and harness-room clean and tidy. Understand cleaning and care of harness.
5) Understand elementary principles of harnessing, biting, and shoeing to ensure the comfort of the horse and to prevent or relieve sore backs, shoulders, girth galls, and broken hooves.
6) Know when a horse is lame or in poor condition and be able to treat any of the more obvious causes of lameness, such as stone in shoe.
7) Show that she understands something of the temperament of horses and uses tact and common sense in handling them.
This certificate will also be awarded to a Ranger who holds the "B" certificate of the Pony Club.
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE
Either part may be taken for the certificate
I. History
1) Know the origin of eight local place-names
2) Know the story, legend, folk song, or dance of the vicinity.
3) Know the lives of at least three "local worthies" who may be saints, heroes, or heroines, philanthropists, statesmen, authors, artists, scientists, or any persons of historical or artistic importance, who have spent part of their lives in the neighbourhood.
4) Have visited six places of historical interest in the vicinity, and be able to answer questions about them; or
Give a short account of six important events that have taken place in the district.
5) Give a description of the district at two different periods in the past, e.g. Early English, Norman, etc.; or
If any excavation have been made in the neighbourhood, know and describe the implements, pottery, ornaments, inscriptions, etc., that have been found.
II Social Knowledge
1) Have performed acts of civic helpfulness in the town or village, at the request of some competent authority.
2) Know and describe, with fair accuracy as to postion and area, all the public open spaces (commons, parks, gardens, recreation fields), the public swimming-baths and play centres in the neighbourhood.
3) Guide a stranger to the town hall, guildhall, village halls, and other centres of municipal government in the neighbourhood. Know broadly the functions of the Borough Council (or County Council), and District or Parish Council, according to the locality. Give the name of the mayor or Chairman of the Council.
4) Know the position of the main public institutions in the neighbourhood, the date when founded, the use to which put, the way in which organized, and something of their relation to the larger social systems, national or provincial, of which they may form a part.
6) Know the names of the main roads and railways passing through the district whence and whither they lead; or
Describe the means of communication, transit, lighting, water and power supply of the town.
WATER NATURALIST
Either section may be taken for the certificate.
Sea
1) Know the normal extent of high and low tide on her own shore, and the cause of unusual tides.
2) Know what sea products are obtained locally, and how they are obtained
3) Make a collection of local sea weeds and know where they grown.
4) Show a list of birds seen on shore or water, with dates.
5) Collect and name twenty shells; explain the connection between their form and mode of life.
) Make a special study of one rock pool and describe the habits of the creatures in it; or Make a survey of a strip of shore from above high-water mark to low-water mark.
7) Recognise six tracks on the shore; or Find and name ten plats peculiar to the shore or salt marsh.
8) At the test, identify on the shore six aquatic creatures (jelly-fish, star-fish, anemone, etc.).
River or Inland Water
1) Have a general idea of the course of a local river from the source to the mouth, and know any industries dependent on it.
2) Make a survey of one mile of a river and its banks.
3) Observe and describe the habits of six underwater creatures.
4) Show a list of birds seen on or by the water, with dates and person observations on the habits of six of them.
5) Recognise five tracks on a bank.
6) Find and name six plats that grown in the water, and twenty that grow on the banks.
WOODCRAFT
1) Keep a nature diary for three months, containing not less than sixty entries.
2) Recognise twenty birds in the field by appearance, flight, call, notes or song. Know their haunts, nests and habits; or
Recognise fifty different plants, know their habitat, flowering season and method of seed dispersal (fungi and mosses may be included among the fifty plants); or
Keep a daily weather chart for two months; know the different types of cloud and what they portend; or
Know the four constellations grouped round the Pole Star, and their relative positions in December, March, June and September, and know six other constellations visible in winter and six visible in summer.
3) Know twenty trees by their leaves, flowers, fruit and twigs; recognise them at 50 yards' distance, and know the uses of their woods.
4) Have seen and be able to describe the appearance and habits of two wild animals that live in the vicinity.
For Town Rangers only
When circumstances make Clause 4 impossible, this may be omitted and an extra section under Clause 2 substituted.
1957 POR - Outdoor Service
ASTRONOMER
1) Pass the test for the Guide Star Gazer badge.
2) Have a knowledge of the solar system:
a) The Sun: its dimensions and constitution, sun spot cycle, the corona and prominences.
b) The Moon: its dimensions, movement, and phases.
c) The Planets (including Pluto): their relative sizes, distance from the sun, periods of rotation and revolution, satellites, Bode's Law.
d) Comets and Meteors: their relationship to each other.
3) Understand what is meant by altitude, sight, ascension, declination, celestial pole, zenith, ecliptic, zodiac, celestial equator, circumpolar stars, equinox, day and night, and the seasons.
4) Explain the reasons for the eclipses of the sun and the moon.
5) Know what is meant by a fixed star, novae, star clusters, and nebulae; have a knowledge of star magnitudes and chief constellations.
6) Have made observations of the movements of the heavenly bodies, including the moon, planets, and fixed stars.
7) Understand the use of astronomical data as given in an abbreviated Whitaker's Almanac or in Pear's Dictionary.
8) Use a small telescope and observe as far as possible sun spots, meteors, the moon's surface, eclipses, the planets, double stars, nebulae, and clusters.
CAMPCRAFT
Have camped under canvas for at least two week-ends as a Cadet or Ranger.
Note: I) one of these must have been a mobile or lightweight camp.
ii) A candidate who has held the P.L. permit is required to camp at only one Cadet/Ranger week-end.
Test:
I) Be responsible for pitching and striking a tent; know how to care for it in fine and wet weather and carry out small repairs. Erect suitable screening and have a knowledge of camp sanitation.
ii) Show a knowledge of cooking out-of-doors and know how to store food.
Alternative: The Junior Quartermaster certificate.
iii) Know the precautions to take when lighting a fire in any surroundings and how to deal with an outbreak of fire. Identify six different kinds of tree and know their respective value as firewood. Use an axe.
iv) Be able to render First Aid in an emergency.
Alternative: The Camp /Firs Aid Certificate.
v) Draw up a list of personal camp kit. Prove her ability to keep bedding and clothing aired and free from damp.
vi) Improvise: one useful camp gadget without string or nails; one using square or diagonal lashing.
Note: The tester for this certificate must be a qualified camper nominated by the C.C.A.
The test may be taken at a mobile, lightweight, or standing camp.
A permit is necessary before the holder may run a camp.
CLIMBER
1) Hold the Hill-Walker certificate.
2) Follow a competent leader up six moderately difficult climbs in a mountain district and show ability and judgement.
3) Lead the tester on any other competent climber up an easy climb.
4) Identify a climb with the help of a guide book.
5) Understand the care required for the health and safety of a party on the hills, including the extra precautions required in winter.
6) Read at least one book on mountaineering, in addition to the book read for the Hill-Walker certificate.
EXPLORER
1) Submit a record of explorations carried out over a period of at least six months.
Note: The expeditions carried out in connection with the Ranger Service star (clause 2) and the Achievement of the Land Ranger Adventurer test may be included.
2) Go on a two-day exploration of unknown country, preferably more than fifty miles from her home.
Note: The tester is to supply maps and instructions.
FORESTER
1) Have worked at least one week in a forest, or sawmill, or nursery.
2) a) Understand sowing and transplanting trees in a nursery; know the age at which trees are plated out; or
b) Understand the principles of thinning, and what is meant by light demanders and shade bearers.
3) Know the time of year to plant, and two methods of planting.
4) Recognise at least six ordinary forest trees; know where they are usually planted and why.
5) Use a crosscut saw, or axe, or hatchet. Fell a tree with one helper, and sned it, measure it and read its volume from a Hoppus measurer
6) Know the meaning of: beating up, tilth, scantling, band saw, 2 year 2 year, natural regeneration, creosote.
HILL-WALKER
1) Have a knowledge of equipment required and precautions to take on hills.
2) Go up four mountains of approximately 2,000 ft., or where is not possible, go for four expeditions of at least twelve miles each over rough hilly country.
3) Pass the First Aid clause of the Ranger Service star (or equivalent); know the International distress signal.
4) a) Follow a map in unknown, hilly country.
b) Use a compass in the mist or dark.
5) a) Understand the use and care of ropes.
b) Tie the bowline and double overhand.
c) Know the use of the belay.
6) Follow a competent leader up one easy climb.
Note: This is usually, but not necessarily, an easy rock climb.
7) Read a book on mountaineering.
8) Know the technical terms used in climbing.
JUNIOR QUARTERMASTER
Have had experience in the Quartermaster Department of small camps.
Test:
i) Draw up a menu for eight people for three days and a list of necessary stores and kitchen equipment.
ii) Know the essentials to be observed in: the storage of food; the care of utensils; the organization of washing up; the disposal of refuse; the care of grease pit.
iii) Prepare, cook, and serve a meal to include: vegetables; a fish, meat, cheese, or egg dish; a sweet; a hot drink.
iv) Answer questions on the food value of the dishes chosen.
v) Make a fire-place and a wood pile.
LAND-GIRL
Bring a statement of good work from a farmer or other responsible person with whom she has worked.
Any one part must be taken to qualify.
I Landwork
1) Have worked on a farm.
2) Understand the general plan of arable farming; know the season al work which is done in the farmer's locality.
3) Show some knowledge of livestock; what breeds of cattle, horse, sheep, and pig are common t o the locality; for what they are used. Have worked either with dairy cows, store cattle, pigs, sheep, or horses.
4) Have a knowledge of one of the following:
a) Pedigree stock.
b) The distinguishing characteristics of three varieties of wheat and two varieties of oats and barley.
c) The care and working of farm machinery.
II Dairymaid
1) Have assisted in the care of dairy cows.
2) Show proficiency as a good dry hand milker, or dismantle milking machines. Be able to strip cows thoroughly.
3) Know why cooling, sterilizing, etc., are necessary. Be able to weigh milk and fill or seal churns or bottles.
4) Make butter or cheese, or feed calves.
5) Know something of the different designations, and understand: milk recording or the Attested Scheme, or the function of the M.M.B.
III Poultry Farmer
1) Have worked among poultry.
2) Have reared chicks with hens or incubator and brooder, or have reared ducklings or goslings.
3) Have looked after:
a) Laying hens.
b) A breeding hen; or fattening cockerels.
4) Understanding housing; feeding; disinfecting against insect pests; packing and grading eggs.
5) Have helped in dealing with at least two poultry ills.
IV - Horticulturist
1) Have worked in a garden.
2) Understand the seasonal work for growing hardy flowers and vegetables, and two semi-hardy vegetables, e.g. celery, tomatoes, etc.
3) Show experience of fruit growing (four varieties), or work in a glasshouse.
4) Be able to prune and take cuttings; explain the workings of the garden to a visitor.
V Bee Keeper
1) Have complete charge of a hive of bees.
2) Have taken and hived a swarm, and have fed bees.
3) Have assembled a hive; and extracted and bottled honey.
4) Have some knowledge of the life of the bee and of the bee community.
5) Understand honey production; know the flowers visited by bees for nectar and pollen.
6) Know the precautions to be taken against bee stings and the treatment for them.
VI - Rabbit Keeper
1) Have kept rabbits.
2) Have reared two litters.
3) Understand housing, both indoor and out.
4) Make a chart of suitable feeding stuffs for summer and winter; name some unsuitable foodstuffs which might be given by the inexperienced.
5) Know the ordinary rabbit ailments, their prevention and cure.
6) Name and describe six different breeds and their uses.
7) Understand simple methods of crossing and breeding.
VII - Horsewoman
1) Catch, water, and groom a horse or pony; saddle it or harness it to a cart or trap.
2) Riding: Mount and ride a horse or pony, showing ability to control her mount , walking, trotting, and cantering, and to take it over small jumps; or
Driving: Drive a harness horse or pony through gates, in traffic, and down hill.
3) Understand the main principles of feeding, and the care of horses when stabled and at grass.
4) Understand cleaning and care of harness. Keep sables and harness-room clean and tidy.
5) Understand elementary principles of harnessing, biting, and shoeing to ensure the comfort of the horse. Know how to prevent and relieve sore backs and shoulders, girth galls, and broken hooves.
6) Know when a horse is lame or in poor condition, and be able to treat any of the more obvious causes of lameness, such as a stone in the shoe.
7) Show that she understand something of the temperament of horses and uses tact and common sense in handling them.
A holder of the 'B' Certificate of the Pony Club qualifies for the certificate.
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE
Either part may be taken to qualify.
1 - History
This test may be taken in the Ranger's own locality or in her county.
1) Know the origin of eight local place-names.
2) Know a story of the vicinity, or a legend, or a dance.
3) Know the life story of at least three 'local worthies', e.g. saints, heroes, heroines, philanthropists, statesmen, authors, artists, scientists, or other persons of historical or artistic importance, who have spent part of their lives in the neighbourhood.
4) a) Have visited six places of historical interest in the vicinity, and answer questions about them,; or
b) Give a short account of six important events that have taken place in the district.
5) a) Give a description of the district at two different periods in the past, e.g. Norman, Early English, etc.; or
b) Know and describe the implements, pottery, ornaments, inscriptions, etc., that have been found in local excavations.
II - Social Knowledge
The syllabus is based on the candidate's knowledge of her own neighbourhood
1) Have performed acts of civic helpfulness in the town or village, with the approval of some competent authority.
2) Know and describe, with fair accuracy as to position and area, all the public open spaces (commons, parks, gardens, recreation fields,), the public swimming-baths, and play-centres.
3) Guide a stranger to the town hall, guildhall, village halls, and other centres of municipal government.
4) Know the position of police stations, fire stations, fire alarms and the organization for dealing with fire.
5) Know: the positions of the main public institutions: the use to which they are put and something of their relation to the larger social systems, national or provincial, of which they form a part.
6) a) Know the names of the main roads and railways passing through the district, whence and whither they lead; or
b) Describe the means of communication, transport, lighting, water and power supply of the community.
WOODCRAFT
1) Keep a nature diary or three months, containing not less than sixty entries.
2) Pass one of the following clauses:
a) Recognise twenty birds in the field by appearance, flight, call, notes or song. Know their haunts, nests and habits.
b) Recognise fifty different plants, know their habitat, flowering season, and method of seed dispersal (fungi and mosses may be included).
c) Keep a daily weather chart for two months; identify the different types of clouds and know what they portend.
d) Identify the four constellations grouped round the Pole Star, know their relative positions in December, March, June, and September; identify six other constellations visible in winter and six visible in summer.
3) Identify twenty trees by their leaves, flowers, fruit, and twigs; recognize them at 50 yds. distance and know the uses of their woods.
4) Have seen and be able to describe the appearance and habits of two wild animals that live in the vicinity.
For Town Rangers only:
When circumstances make clause 4 impossible an extra section under clause 2 may be substituted.
1960 POR - Outdoor Service
ASTRONOMER
1) Pass the test for the Guide Star Gazer badge.
2) Have a knowledge of the solar system:
a) The Sun: its dimensions and constitution, sun spot cycle, the corona and prominences.
b) The Moon: its dimensions, movement, and phases.
c) The Planets (including Pluto): their relative sizes, distance from the sun, periods of rotation and revolution, satellites, Bode's Law.
d) Comets and Meteors: their relationship to each other.
3) Understand what is meant by altitude, sight, ascension, declination, celestial pole, zenith, ecliptic, zodiac, celestial equator, circumpolar stars, equinox, day and night, and the seasons.
4) Explain the reasons for the eclipses of the sun and the moon.
5) Know what is meant by a fixed star, novae, star clusters, and nebulae; have a knowledge of star magnitudes and chief constellations.
6) Have made observations of the movements of the heavenly bodies, including the moon, planets, and fixed stars.
7) Understand the use of astronomical data as given in an abbreviated Whitaker's Almanac or in Pear's Dictionary.
8) Use a small telescope and observe as far as possible sun spots, meteors, the moon's surface, eclipses, the planets, double stars, nebulae, and clusters.
CAMPCRAFT
Have camped under canvas for at least two week-ends as a Cadet or Ranger.
Note: I) one of these must have been a mobile or lightweight camp.
ii) A candidate who has held the P.L. permit is required to camp at only one Cadet/Ranger week-end.
Test:
I) Be responsible for pitching and striking a tent; know how to care for it in fine and wet weather and carry out small repairs. Erect suitable screening and have a knowledge of camp sanitation.
ii) Show a knowledge of cooking out-of-doors and know how to store food.
Alternative: The Junior Quartermaster certificate.
iii) Know the precautions to take when lighting a fire in any surroundings and how to deal with an outbreak of fire. Identify six different kinds of tree and know their respective value as firewood. Use an axe.
iv) Be able to render First Aid in an emergency.
Alternative: The Camp /Firs Aid Certificate.
v) Draw up a list of personal camp kit. Prove her ability to keep bedding and clothing aired and free from damp.
vi) Improvise: one useful camp gadget without string or nails; one using square or diagonal lashing.
Note: The tester for this certificate must be a qualified camper nominated by the C.C.A.
The test may be taken at a mobile, lightweight, or standing camp.
A permit is necessary before the holder may run a camp.
CLIMBER
1) Hold the Hill-Walker certificate.
2) Follow a competent leader up six moderately difficult climbs in a mountain district and show ability and judgement.
3) Lead the tester on any other competent climber up an easy climb.
4) Identify a climb with the help of a guide book.
5) Understand the care required for the health and safety of a party on the hills, including the extra precautions required in winter.
6) Read at least one book on mountaineering, in addition to the book read for the Hill-Walker certificate.
EXPLORER
1) Submit a record of explorations carried out over a period of at least six months.
Note: The expeditions carried out in connection with the Ranger Service star (clause 2) and the Achievement of the Land Ranger Adventurer test may be included.
2) Go on a two-day exploration of unknown country, preferably more than fifty miles from her home.
Note: The tester is to supply maps and instructions.
FORESTER
1) Have worked at least one week in a forest, or sawmill, or nursery.
2) a) Understand sowing and transplanting trees in a nursery; know the age at which trees are plated out; or
b) Understand the principles of thinning, and what is meant by light demanders and shade bearers.
3) Know the time of year to plant, and two methods of planting.
4) Recognise at least six ordinary forest trees; know where they are usually planted and why.
5) Use a crosscut saw, or axe, or hatchet. Fell a tree with one helper, and sned it, measure it and read its volume from a Hoppus measurer
6) Know the meaning of: beating up, tilth, scantling, band saw, 2 year 2 year, natural regeneration, creosote.
HILL-WALKER
1) Have a knowledge of equipment required and precautions to take on hills.
2) Go up four mountains of approximately 2,000 ft., or where is not possible, go for four expeditions of at least twelve miles each over rough hilly country.
3) Pass the First Aid clause of the Ranger Service star (or equivalent); know the International distress signal.
4) a) Follow a map in unknown, hilly country.
b) Use a compass in the mist or dark.
5) a) Understand the use and care of ropes.
b) Tie the bowline and double overhand.
c) Know the use of the belay.
6) Follow a competent leader up one easy climb.
Note: This is usually, but not necessarily, an easy rock climb.
7) Read a book on mountaineering.
8) Know the technical terms used in climbing.
JUNIOR QUARTERMASTER
Have had experience in the Quartermaster Department of small camps.
Test:
i) Draw up a menu for eight people for three days and a list of necessary stores and kitchen equipment.
ii) Know the essentials to be observed in: the storage of food; the care of utensils; the organization of washing up; the disposal of refuse; the care of grease pit.
iii) Prepare, cook, and serve a meal to include: vegetables; a fish, meat, cheese, or egg dish; a sweet; a hot drink.
iv) Answer questions on the food value of the dishes chosen.
v) Make a fire-place and a wood pile.
LAND-GIRL
Bring a statement of good work from a farmer or other responsible person with whom she has worked.
Any one part must be taken to qualify.
I Landwork
1) Have worked on a farm.
2) Understand the general plan of arable farming; know the season al work which is done in the farmer's locality.
3) Show some knowledge of livestock; what breeds of cattle, horse, sheep, and pig are common t o the locality; for what they are used. Have worked either with dairy cows, store cattle, pigs, sheep, or horses.
4) Have a knowledge of one of the following:
a) Pedigree stock.
b) The distinguishing characteristics of three varieties of wheat and two varieties of oats and barley.
c) The care and working of farm machinery.
II Dairymaid
1) Have assisted in the care of dairy cows.
2) Show proficiency as a good dry hand milker, or dismantle milking machines. Be able to strip cows thoroughly.
3) Know why cooling, sterilizing, etc., are necessary. Be able to weigh milk and fill or seal churns or bottles.
4) Make butter or cheese, or feed calves.
5) Know something of the different designations, and understand: milk recording or the Attested Scheme, or the function of the M.M.B.
III Poultry Farmer
1) Have worked among poultry.
2) Have reared chicks with hens or incubator and brooder, or have reared ducklings or goslings.
3) Have looked after:
a) Laying hens.
b) A breeding hen; or fattening cockerels.
4) Understanding housing; feeding; disinfecting against insect pests; packing and grading eggs.
5) Have helped in dealing with at least two poultry ills.
IV - Horticulturist
1) Have worked in a garden.
2) Understand the seasonal work for growing hardy flowers and vegetables, and two semi-hardy vegetables, e.g. celery, tomatoes, etc.
3) Show experience of fruit growing (four varieties), or work in a glasshouse.
4) Be able to prune and take cuttings; explain the workings of the garden to a visitor.
V Bee Keeper
1) Have complete charge of a hive of bees.
2) Have taken and hived a swarm, and have fed bees.
3) Have assembled a hive; and extracted and bottled honey.
4) Have some knowledge of the life of the bee and of the bee community.
5) Understand honey production; know the flowers visited by bees for nectar and pollen.
6) Know the precautions to be taken against bee stings and the treatment for them.
VI - Rabbit Keeper
1) Have kept rabbits.
2) Have reared two litters.
3) Understand housing, both indoor and out.
4) Make a chart of suitable feeding stuffs for summer and winter; name some unsuitable foodstuffs which might be given by the inexperienced.
5) Know the ordinary rabbit ailments, their prevention and cure.
6) Name and describe six different breeds and their uses.
7) Understand simple methods of crossing and breeding.
VII - Horsewoman
1) Catch, water, and groom a horse or pony; saddle it or harness it to a cart or trap.
2) Riding: Mount and ride a horse or pony, showing ability to control her mount , walking, trotting, and cantering, and to take it over small jumps; or
Driving: Drive a harness horse or pony through gates, in traffic, and down hill.
3) Understand the main principles of feeding, and the care of horses when stabled and at grass.
4) Understand cleaning and care of harness. Keep sables and harness-room clean and tidy.
5) Understand elementary principles of harnessing, biting, and shoeing to ensure the comfort of the horse. Know how to prevent and relieve sore backs and shoulders, girth galls, and broken hooves.
6) Know when a horse is lame or in poor condition, and be able to treat any of the more obvious causes of lameness, such as a stone in the shoe.
7) Show that she understand something of the temperament of horses and uses tact and common sense in handling them.
A holder of the 'B' Certificate of the Pony Club qualifies for the certificate.
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE
Either part may be taken to qualify.
I - History
This test may be taken in the Ranger's own locality or in her county.
1) Know the origin of eight local place-names.
2) Know a story of the vicinity, or a legend, or a dance.
3) Know the life story of at least three 'local worthies', e.g. saints, heroes, heroines, philanthropists, statesmen, authors, artists, scientists, or other persons of historical or artistic importance, who have spent part of their lives in the neighbourhood.
4) a) Have visited six places of historical interest in the vicinity, and answer questions about them,; or
b) Give a short account of six important events that have taken place in the district.
5) a) Give a description of the district at two different periods in the past, e.g. Norman, Early English, etc.; or
b) Know and describe the implements, pottery, ornaments, inscriptions, etc., that have been found in local excavations.
II - Social Knowledge
The syllabus is based on the candidate's knowledge of her own neighbourhood
1) Have performed acts of civic helpfulness in the town or village, with the approval of some competent authority.
2) Know and describe, with fair accuracy as to position and area, all the public open spaces (commons, parks, gardens, recreation fields,), the public swimming-baths, and play-centres.
3) Guide a stranger to the town hall, guildhall, village halls, and other centres of municipal government.
4) Know the position of police stations, fire stations, fire alarms and the organization for dealing with fire.
5) Know: the positions of the main public institutions: the use to which they are put and something of their relation to the larger social systems, national or provincial, of which they form a part.
6) a) Know the names of the main roads and railways passing through the district, whence and whither they lead; or
b) Describe the means of communication, transport, lighting, water and power supply of the community.
WOODCRAFT
1) Keep a nature diary or three months, containing not less than sixty entries.
2) Pass one of the following clauses:
a) Recognise twenty birds in the field by appearance, flight, call, notes or song. Know their haunts, nests and habits.
b) Recognise fifty different plants, know their habitat, flowering season, and method of seed dispersal (fungi and mosses may be included).
c) Keep a daily weather chart for two months; identify the different types of clouds and know what they portend.
d) Identify the four constellations grouped round the Pole Star, know their relative positions in December, March, June, and September; identify six other constellations visible in winter and six visible in summer.
3) Identify twenty trees by their leaves, flowers, fruit, and twigs; recognize them at 50 yds. distance and know the uses of their woods.
4) Have seen and be able to describe the appearance and habits of two wild animals that live in the vicinity.
For Town Rangers only:
When circumstances make clause 4 impossible an extra section under clause 2 may be substituted.
1961 (July) POR - Outdoor Service
ASTRONOMER
1) Pass the test for the Guide Star Gazer badge.
2) Have a knowledge of the solar system:
a) The Sun: its dimensions and constitution, sun spot cycle, the corona and prominences.
b) The Moon: its dimensions, movement, and phases.
c) The Planets (including Pluto): their relative sizes, distance from the sun, periods of rotation and revolution, satellites, Bode's Law.
d) Comets and Meteors: their relationship to each other.
3) Understand what is meant by altitude, sight, ascension, declination, celestial pole, zenith, ecliptic, zodiac, celestial equator, circumpolar stars, equinox, day and night, and the seasons.
4) Explain the reasons for the eclipses of the sun and the moon.
5) Know what is meant by a fixed star, novae, star clusters, and nebulae; have a knowledge of star magnitudes and chief constellations.
6) Have made observations of the movements of the heavenly bodies, including the moon, planets, and fixed stars.
7) Understand the use of astronomical data as given in an abbreviated Whitaker's Almanac or in Pear's Dictionary.
8) Use a small telescope and observe as far as possible sun spots, meteors, the moon's surface, eclipses, the planets, double stars, nebulae, and clusters.
CAMPCRAFT
Have camped under canvas for at least two week-ends as a Cadet or Ranger.
Note: I) one of these must have been a mobile or lightweight camp.
ii) A candidate who has held the P.L. permit is required to camp at only one Cadet/Ranger week-end.
Test:
I) Be responsible for pitching and striking a tent; know how to care for it in fine and wet weather and carry out small repairs. Erect suitable screening and have a knowledge of camp sanitation.
ii) Show a knowledge of cooking out-of-doors and know how to store food.
Alternative: The Junior Quartermaster certificate.
iii) Know the precautions to take when lighting a fire in any surroundings and how to deal with an outbreak of fire. Identify six different kinds of tree and know their respective value as firewood. Use an axe.
iv) Be able to render First Aid in an emergency.
Alternative: The Camp /Firs Aid Certificate.
v) Draw up a list of personal camp kit. Prove her ability to keep bedding and clothing aired and free from damp.
vi) Improvise: one useful camp gadget without string or nails; one using square or diagonal lashing.
Note: The tester for this certificate must be a qualified camper nominated by the C.C.A.
The test may be taken at a mobile, lightweight, or standing camp.
A permit is necessary before the holder may run a camp.
CLIMBER
1) Hold the Hill-Walker certificate.
2) Follow a competent leader up six moderately difficult climbs in a mountain district and show ability and judgement.
3) Lead the tester on any other competent climber up an easy climb.
4) Identify a climb with the help of a guide book.
5) Understand the care required for the health and safety of a party on the hills, including the extra precautions required in winter.
6) Read at least one book on mountaineering, in addition to the book read for the Hill-Walker certificate.
EXPLORER
1) Submit a record of explorations carried out over a period of at least six months.
Note: The expeditions carried out in connection with the Ranger Service star (clause 2) and the Achievement of the Land Ranger Adventurer test may be included.
2) Go on a two-day exploration of unknown country, preferably more than fifty miles from her home.
Note: The tester is to supply maps and instructions.
FORESTER
1) Have worked at least one week in a forest, or sawmill, or nursery.
2) a) Understand sowing and transplanting trees in a nursery; know the age at which trees are plated out; or
b) Understand the principles of thinning, and what is meant by light demanders and shade bearers.
3) Know the time of year to plant, and two methods of planting.
4) Recognise at least six ordinary forest trees; know where they are usually planted and why.
5) Use a crosscut saw, or axe, or hatchet. Fell a tree with one helper, and sned it, measure it and read its volume from a Hoppus measurer
6) Know the meaning of: beating up, tilth, scantling, band saw, 2 year 2 year, natural regeneration, creosote.
HILL-WALKER
1) Have a knowledge of equipment required and precautions to take on hills.
2) Go up four mountains of approximately 2,000 ft., or where is not possible, go for four expeditions of at least twelve miles each over rough hilly country.
3) Pass the First Aid clause of the Ranger Service star (or equivalent); know the International distress signal.
4) a) Follow a map in unknown, hilly country.
b) Use a compass in the mist or dark.
5) a) Understand the use and care of ropes.
b) Tie the bowline and double overhand.
c) Know the use of the belay.
6) Follow a competent leader up one easy climb.
Note: This is usually, but not necessarily, an easy rock climb.
7) Read a book on mountaineering.
8) Know the technical terms used in climbing.
JUNIOR QUARTERMASTER
Have had experience in the Quartermaster Department of small camps.
Test:
i) Draw up a menu for eight people for three days and a list of necessary stores and kitchen equipment.
ii) Know the essentials to be observed in: the storage of food; the care of utensils; the organization of washing up; the disposal of refuse; the care of grease pit.
iii) Prepare, cook, and serve a meal to include: vegetables; a fish, meat, cheese, or egg dish; a sweet; a hot drink.
iv) Answer questions on the food value of the dishes chosen.
v) Make a fire-place and a wood pile.
LAND-GIRL
Bring a statement of good work from a farmer or other responsible person with whom she has worked.
Any one part must be taken to qualify.
I Landwork
1) Have worked on a farm.
2) Understand the general plan of arable farming; know the season al work which is done in the farmer's locality.
3) Show some knowledge of livestock; what breeds of cattle, horse, sheep, and pig are common t o the locality; for what they are used. Have worked either with dairy cows, store cattle, pigs, sheep, or horses.
4) Have a knowledge of one of the following:
a) Pedigree stock.
b) The distinguishing characteristics of three varieties of wheat and two varieties of oats and barley.
c) The care and working of farm machinery.
II Dairymaid
1) Have assisted in the care of dairy cows.
2) Show proficiency as a good dry hand milker, or dismantle milking machines. Be able to strip cows thoroughly.
3) Know why cooling, sterilizing, etc., are necessary. Be able to weigh milk and fill or seal churns or bottles.
4) Make butter or cheese, or feed calves.
5) Know something of the different designations, and understand: milk recording or the Attested Scheme, or the function of the M.M.B.
III Poultry Farmer
1) Have worked among poultry.
2) Have reared chicks with hens or incubator and brooder, or have reared ducklings or goslings.
3) Have looked after:
a) Laying hens.
b) A breeding hen; or fattening cockerels.
4) Understanding housing; feeding; disinfecting against insect pests; packing and grading eggs.
5) Have helped in dealing with at least two poultry ills.
IV - Horticulturist
1) Have worked in a garden.
2) Understand the seasonal work for growing hardy flowers and vegetables, and two semi-hardy vegetables, e.g. celery, tomatoes, etc.
3) Show experience of fruit growing (four varieties), or work in a glasshouse.
4) Be able to prune and take cuttings; explain the workings of the garden to a visitor.
V Bee Keeper
1) Have complete charge of a hive of bees.
2) Have taken and hived a swarm, and have fed bees.
3) Have assembled a hive; and extracted and bottled honey.
4) Have some knowledge of the life of the bee and of the bee community.
5) Understand honey production; know the flowers visited by bees for nectar and pollen.
6) Know the precautions to be taken against bee stings and the treatment for them.
VI - Rabbit Keeper
1) Have kept rabbits.
2) Have reared two litters.
3) Understand housing, both indoor and out.
4) Make a chart of suitable feeding stuffs for summer and winter; name some unsuitable foodstuffs which might be given by the inexperienced.
5) Know the ordinary rabbit ailments, their prevention and cure.
6) Name and describe six different breeds and their uses.
7) Understand simple methods of crossing and breeding.
VII - Horsewoman
1) Catch, water, and groom a horse or pony; saddle it or harness it to a cart or trap.
2) Riding: Mount and ride a horse or pony, showing ability to control her mount , walking, trotting, and cantering, and to take it over small jumps; or
Driving: Drive a harness horse or pony through gates, in traffic, and down hill.
3) Understand the main principles of feeding, and the care of horses when stabled and at grass.
4) Understand cleaning and care of harness. Keep sables and harness-room clean and tidy.
5) Understand elementary principles of harnessing, biting, and shoeing to ensure the comfort of the horse. Know how to prevent and relieve sore backs and shoulders, girth galls, and broken hooves.
6) Know when a horse is lame or in poor condition, and be able to treat any of the more obvious causes of lameness, such as a stone in the shoe.
7) Show that she understand something of the temperament of horses and uses tact and common sense in handling them.
A holder of the 'B' Certificate of the Pony Club qualifies for the certificate.
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE
Either part may be taken to qualify.
I - History
This test may be taken in the Ranger's own locality or in her county.
1) Know the origin of eight local place-names.
2) Know a story of the vicinity, or a legend, or a dance.
3) Know the life story of at least three 'local worthies', e.g. saints, heroes, heroines, philanthropists, statesmen, authors, artists, scientists, or other persons of historical or artistic importance, who have spent part of their lives in the neighbourhood.
4) a) Have visited six places of historical interest in the vicinity, and answer questions about them,; or
b) Give a short account of six important events that have taken place in the district.
5) a) Give a description of the district at two different periods in the past, e.g. Norman, Early English, etc.; or
b) Know and describe the implements, pottery, ornaments, inscriptions, etc., that have been found in local excavations.
II - Social Knowledge
The syllabus is based on the candidate's knowledge of her own neighbourhood
1) Have performed acts of civic helpfulness in the town or village, with the approval of some competent authority.
2) Know and describe, with fair accuracy as to position and area, all the public open spaces (commons, parks, gardens, recreation fields,), the public swimming-baths, and play-centres.
3) Guide a stranger to the town hall, guildhall, village halls, and other centres of municipal government.
4) Know the position of police stations, fire stations, fire alarms and the organization for dealing with fire.
5) Know: the positions of the main public institutions: the use to which they are put and something of their relation to the larger social systems, national or provincial, of which they form a part.
6) a) Know the names of the main roads and railways passing through the district, whence and whither they lead; or
b) Describe the means of communication, transport, lighting, water and power supply of the community.
WOODCRAFT
1) Keep a nature diary or three months, containing not less than sixty entries.
2) Pass one of the following clauses:
a) Recognise twenty birds in the field by appearance, flight, call, notes or song. Know their haunts, nests and habits.
b) Recognise fifty different plants, know their habitat, flowering season, and method of seed dispersal (fungi and mosses may be included).
c) Keep a daily weather chart for two months; identify the different types of clouds and know what they portend.
d) Identify the four constellations grouped round the Pole Star, know their relative positions in December, March, June, and September; identify six other constellations visible in winter and six visible in summer.
3) Identify twenty trees by their leaves, flowers, fruit, and twigs; recognize them at 50 yds. distance and know the uses of their woods.
4) Have seen and be able to describe the appearance and habits of two wild animals that live in the vicinity.
For Town Rangers only:
When circumstances make clause 4 impossible an extra section under clause 2 may be substituted.
1964 (March) POR - Outdoor Service
ASTRONOMER
1) Pass the test for the Guide Star Gazer badge.
2) Have a knowledge of the solar system:
a) The Sun: its dimensions and constitution, sun spot cycle, the corona and prominences.
b) The Moon: its dimensions, movement, and phases.
c) The Planets (including Pluto): their relative sizes, distance from the sun, periods of rotation and revolution, satellites, Bode's Law.
d) Comets and Meteors: their relationship to each other.
3) Understand what is meant by altitude, sight, ascension, declination, celestial pole, zenith, ecliptic, zodiac, celestial equator, circumpolar stars, equinox, day and night, and the seasons.
4) Explain the reasons for the eclipses of the sun and the moon.
5) Know what is meant by a fixed star, novae, star clusters, and nebulae; have a knowledge of star magnitudes and chief constellations.
6) Have made observations of the movements of the heavenly bodies, including the moon, planets, and fixed stars.
7) Understand the use of astronomical data as given in an abbreviated Whitaker's Almanac or in Pear's Cyclopedia.
8) With proper safeguards use a small telescope and observe as far as possible sun spots, meteors, the moon's surface, eclipses, the planets, double stars, nebulae, and clusters.
CAMPCRAFT
Have camped under canvas for at least two week-ends as a Cadet or Ranger.
Note: I) one of these must have been a mobile or lightweight camp.
ii) A candidate who has held the P.L. permit is required to camp at only one Cadet/Ranger week-end.
Test:
I) Be responsible for pitching and striking a tent; know how to care for it in fine and wet weather and carry out small repairs. Erect suitable screening and have a knowledge of camp sanitation.
ii) Show a knowledge of cooking out-of-doors and know how to store food.
Alternative: The Junior Quartermaster certificate.
iii) Know the precautions to take when lighting a fire in any surroundings and how to deal with an outbreak of fire. Identify six different kinds of tree and know their respective value as firewood. Use an axe.
iv) Be able to render First Aid in an emergency.
Alternative: The Camp /Firs Aid Certificate.
v) Draw up a list of personal camp kit. Prove her ability to keep bedding and clothing aired and free from damp.
vi) Improvise: one useful camp gadget without string or nails; one using square or diagonal lashing.
Note: The tester for this certificate must be a qualified camper nominated by the C.C.A.
The test may be taken at a mobile, lightweight, or standing camp.
A permit is necessary before the holder may run a camp.
CLIMBER
1) Hold the Hill-Walker certificate.
2) Follow a competent leader up six moderately difficult climbs in a mountain district and show ability and judgement.
3) Lead the tester on any other competent climber up an easy climb.
4) Identify a climb with the help of a guide book.
5) Understand the care required for the health and safety of a party on the hills, including the extra precautions required in winter.
6) Read at least one book on mountaineering, in addition to the book read for the Hill-Walker certificate.
EXPLORER
1) Submit a record of explorations carried out over a period of at least six months.
Note: The expeditions carried out in connection with the Ranger Service star (clause 2) and the Achievement of the Land Ranger Adventurer test may be included.
2) Go on a two-day exploration of unknown country, preferably more than fifty miles from her home.
Note: The tester is to supply maps and instructions.
FORESTER
1) Have worked at least one week in a forest, or sawmill, or nursery.
2) a) Understand sowing and transplanting trees in a nursery; know the age at which trees are plated out; or
b) Understand the principles of thinning, and what is meant by light demanders and shade bearers.
3) Know the time of year to plant, and two methods of planting.
4) Recognise at least six ordinary forest trees; know where they are usually planted and why.
5) Use a crosscut saw, or axe, or hatchet. Fell a tree with one helper, and sned it, measure it and read its volume from a Hoppus measurer
6) Know the meaning of: beating up, tilth, scantling, band saw, 2 year 2 year, natural regeneration, creosote.
HILL-WALKER
1) Have a knowledge of equipment required and precautions to take on hills.
2) Go up four mountains of approximately 2,000 ft., or where is not possible, go for four expeditions of at least twelve miles each over rough hilly country.
3) Pass the First Aid clause of the Ranger Service star (or equivalent); know the International distress signal.
4) a) Follow a map in unknown, hilly country.
b) Use a compass in the mist or dark.
5) a) Understand the use and care of ropes.
b) Tie the bowline and double overhand.
c) Know the use of the belay.
6) Follow a competent leader up one easy climb.
Note: This is usually, but not necessarily, an easy rock climb.
7) Read a book on mountaineering.
8) Know the technical terms used in climbing.
JUNIOR QUARTERMASTER
Have had experience in the Quartermaster Department of small camps.
Test:
i) Draw up a menu for eight people for three days and a list of necessary stores and kitchen equipment.
ii) Know the essentials to be observed in: the storage of food; the care of utensils; the organization of washing up; the disposal of refuse; the care of grease pit.
iii) Prepare, cook, and serve a meal to include: vegetables; a fish, meat, cheese, or egg dish; a sweet; a hot drink.
iv) Answer questions on the food value of the dishes chosen.
v) Make a fire-place and a wood pile.
LAND-GIRL
Bring a statement of good work from a farmer or other responsible person with whom she has worked.
Any one part must be taken to qualify.
I Landwork
1) Have worked on a farm.
2) Understand the general plan of arable farming; know the season al work which is done in the farmer's locality.
3) Show some knowledge of livestock; what breeds of cattle, horse, sheep, and pig are common t o the locality; for what they are used. Have worked either with dairy cows, store cattle, pigs, sheep, or horses.
4) Have a knowledge of one of the following:
a) Pedigree stock.
b) The distinguishing characteristics of three varieties of wheat and two varieties of oats and barley.
c) The care and working of farm machinery.
II Dairymaid
1) Have assisted in the care of dairy cows.
2) Show proficiency as a good dry hand milker, or dismantle milking machines. Be able to strip cows thoroughly.
3) Know why cooling, sterilizing, etc., are necessary. Be able to weigh milk and fill or seal churns or bottles.
4) Make butter or cheese, or feed calves.
5) Know something of the different designations, and understand: milk recording or the Attested Scheme, or the function of the M.M.B.
III Poultry Farmer
1) Have worked among poultry.
2) Have reared chicks with hens or incubator and brooder, or have reared ducklings or goslings.
3) Have looked after:
a) Laying hens.
b) A breeding hen; or fattening cockerels.
4) Understanding housing; feeding; disinfecting against insect pests; packing and grading eggs.
5) Have helped in dealing with at least two poultry ills.
IV - Horticulturist
1) Have worked in a garden.
2) Understand the seasonal work for growing hardy flowers and vegetables, and two semi-hardy vegetables, e.g. celery, tomatoes, etc.
3) Show experience of fruit growing (four varieties), or work in a glasshouse.
4) Be able to prune and take cuttings; explain the workings of the garden to a visitor.
V Bee Keeper
1) Have complete charge of a hive of bees.
2) Have taken and hived a swarm, and have fed bees.
3) Have assembled a hive; and extracted and bottled honey.
4) Have some knowledge of the life of the bee and of the bee community.
5) Understand honey production; know the flowers visited by bees for nectar and pollen.
6) Know the precautions to be taken against bee stings and the treatment for them.
VI - Rabbit Keeper
1) Have kept rabbits.
2) Have reared two litters.
3) Understand housing, both indoor and out.
4) Make a chart of suitable feeding stuffs for summer and winter; name some unsuitable foodstuffs which might be given by the inexperienced.
5) Know the ordinary rabbit ailments, their prevention and cure.
6) Name and describe six different breeds and their uses.
7) Understand simple methods of crossing and breeding.
VII - Horsewoman
1) Catch, water, and groom a horse or pony; saddle it or harness it to a cart or trap.
2) Riding: Mount and ride a horse or pony, showing ability to control her mount , walking, trotting, and cantering, and to take it over small jumps; or
Driving: Drive a harness horse or pony through gates, in traffic, and down hill.
3) Understand the main principles of feeding, and the care of horses when stabled and at grass.
4) Understand cleaning and care of harness. Keep sables and harness-room clean and tidy.
5) Understand elementary principles of harnessing, biting, and shoeing to ensure the comfort of the horse. Know how to prevent and relieve sore backs and shoulders, girth galls, and broken hooves.
6) Know when a horse is lame or in poor condition, and be able to treat any of the more obvious causes of lameness, such as a stone in the shoe.
7) Show that she understand something of the temperament of horses and uses tact and common sense in handling them.
A holder of the 'B' Certificate of the Pony Club qualifies for the certificate.
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE
Either part may be taken to qualify.
I - History
This test may be taken in the Ranger's own locality or in her county.
1) Know the origin of eight local place-names.
2) Know a story of the vicinity, or a legend, or a dance.
3) Know the life story of at least three 'local worthies', e.g. saints, heroes, heroines, philanthropists, statesmen, authors, artists, scientists, or other persons of historical or artistic importance, who have spent part of their lives in the neighbourhood.
4) a) Have visited six places of historical interest in the vicinity, and answer questions about them,; or
b) Give a short account of six important events that have taken place in the district.
5) a) Give a description of the district at two different periods in the past, e.g. Norman, Early English, etc.; or
b) Know and describe the implements, pottery, ornaments, inscriptions, etc., that have been found in local excavations.
II - Social Knowledge
The syllabus is based on the candidate's knowledge of her own neighbourhood
1) Have performed acts of civic helpfulness in the town or village, with the approval of some competent authority.
2) Know and describe, with fair accuracy as to position and area, all the public open spaces (commons, parks, gardens, recreation fields,), the public swimming-baths, and play-centres.
3) Guide a stranger to the town hall, guildhall, village halls, and other centres of municipal government.
4) Know the position of police stations, fire stations, fire alarms and the organization for dealing with fire.
5) Know: the positions of the main public institutions: the use to which they are put and something of their relation to the larger social systems, national or provincial, of which they form a part.
6) a) Know the names of the main roads and railways passing through the district, whence and whither they lead; or
b) Describe the means of communication, transport, lighting, water and power supply of the community.
WOODCRAFT
1) Keep a nature diary or three months, containing not less than sixty entries.
2) Pass one of the following clauses:
a) Recognise twenty birds in the field by appearance, flight, call, notes or song. Know their haunts, nests and habits.
b) Recognise fifty different plants, know their habitat, flowering season, and method of seed dispersal (fungi and mosses may be included).
c) Keep a daily weather chart for two months; identify the different types of clouds and know what they portend.
d) Identify the four constellations grouped round the Pole Star, know their relative positions in December, March, June, and September; identify six other constellations visible in winter and six visible in summer.
3) Identify twenty trees by their leaves, flowers, fruit, and twigs; recognize them at 50 yds. distance and know the uses of their woods.
4) Have seen and be able to describe the appearance and habits of two wild animals that live in the vicinity.
For Town Rangers only:
When circumstances make clause 4 impossible an extra section under clause 2 may be substituted.
1965 (July) POR - Outdoor Service
ASTRONOMER
1) Pass the test for the Guide Star Gazer badge.
2) Have a knowledge of the solar system:
a) The Sun: its dimensions and constitution, sun spot cycle, the corona and prominences.
b) The Moon: its dimensions, movement, and phases.
c) The Planets (including Pluto): their relative sizes, distance from the sun, periods of rotation and revolution, satellites, Bode's Law.
d) Comets and Meteors: their relationship to each other.
3) Understand what is meant by altitude, right ascension, declination, celestial pole, zenith, ecliptic, zodiac, celestial equator, circumpolar stars, equinox, day and night, and the seasons.
4) Explain the reasons for the eclipses of the sun and the moon.
5) Know what is meant by a fixed star, novae, star clusters, and nebulae; have a knowledge of star magnitudes and chief constellations.
6) Have made observations of the movements of the heavenly bodies, including the moon, planets, and fixed stars.
7) Understand the use of astronomical data as given in an abbreviated Whitaker's Almanac or in Pear's Cyclopedia.
8) With proper safeguards use a small telescope and observe as far as possible sun spots, meteors, the moon's surface, eclipses, the planets, double stars, nebulae, and clusters.
CAMPCRAFT
Have camped under canvas for at least two week-ends as a Cadet or Ranger.
Note: i) The test may be taken at either week-end or at any other tme, but preferably in camp.
ii) For a Ranger one of these must have been a mobile or lightweight camp.
iii) A candidate who has held the Patrol Camp permit is required to camp at only one Cadet/Ranger week-end.
Test:
1) Be responsible for pitching and striking a tent; know how to care for it in fine and wet weather and carry out small repairs. Erect suitable screening and have a knowledge of camp sanitation.
2) Show a knowledge of cooking out-of-doors and know how to store food.
Alternative: The Junior Quartermaster certificate.
iii) Know the precautions to take when lighting a fire in any surroundings and how to deal with an outbreak of fire. Identify six different kinds of tree and know their respective value as firewood. Use an axe.
iv) Be able to render First Aid in an emergency.
Alternative: The Camp First Aid Certificate.
v) Draw up a list of personal camp kit. Prove her ability to keep bedding and clothing aired and free from damp.
vi) Improvise: one useful camp gadget without string or nails and one using square or diagonal lashing.
Note: The tester for this certificate must be a qualified camper nominated by the C.C.A.
The test may be taken at a mobile, lightweight, or standing camp.
A permit is necessary before the holder may run a camp.
CLIMBER
1) Hold the Hill-Walker certificate.
2) Follow a competent leader up six moderately difficult climbs in a mountain district and show ability and judgement.
3) Lead the tester on any other competent climber up an easy climb.
4) Identify a climb with the help of a guide book.
5) Understand the care required for the health and safety of a party on the hills, including the extra precautions required in winter.
6) Read at least one book on mountaineering, in addition to the book read for the Hill-Walker certificate.
EXPLORER
1) Submit a record of explorations carried out over a period of at least six months.
Note: The expeditions carried out in connection with the Ranger Service star (clause 2) and the Achievement of the Land Ranger Adventurer test may be included.
2) Go on a two-day exploration of unknown country, preferably more than fifty miles from her home.
Note: The tester is to supply maps and instructions.
FORESTER
1) Have worked at least one week in a forest, or sawmill, or nursery.
2) a) Understand sowing and transplanting trees in a nursery; know the age at which trees are planted out; or
b) Understand the principles of thinning, and what is meant by light demanders and shade bearers.
3) Know the time of year to plant, and two methods of planting.
4) Recognize at least six ordinary forest trees; know where they are usually planted and why.
5) Use a crosscut saw, or axe, or hatchet. With one helper, fell a tree, sned it, measure it and read its volume from a Hoppus measurer
6) Know the meaning of: beating up, tilth, scantling, band saw, 2 year 2 year, natural regeneration, creosote.
HILL-WALKER
1) Have a knowledge of equipment required and precautions to take on hills.
2) Go up four mountains of approximately 2,000 ft., or where is not possible, go for four expeditions of at least twelve miles each over rough hilly country.
3) Pass the First Aid clause of the Ranger Service star (or equivalent); know the International distress signal.
4) a) Follow a map in unknown, hilly country.
b) Use a compass in the mist or dark.
5) a) Understand the use and care of ropes.
b) Tie the bowline and double overhand.
c) Know the use of the belay.
6) Follow a competent leader up one easy climb.
Note: This is usually, but not necessarily, an easy rock climb.
7) Read a book on mountaineering.
8) Know the technical terms used in climbing.
JUNIOR QUARTERMASTER
Have had experience in the Quartermaster Department of small camps.
Test:
i) Draw up a menu for eight people for three days and a list of necessary stores and kitchen equipment.
ii) Know the essentials to be observed in: the storage of food; the care of utensils; the organization of washing up; the disposal of refuse; the care of grease pit.
iii) Prepare, cook, and serve a meal to include: vegetables; a fish, meat, cheese, or egg dish; a sweet; a hot drink.
iv) Answer questions on the food value of the dishes chosen.
v) Make a fire-place and a wood pile.
LAND-GIRL
Bring a statement of good work from a farmer or other responsible person with whom she has worked.
Any one part must be taken to qualify.
I Landwork
1) Have worked on a farm.
2) Understand the general plan of arable farming; know the seasonal work which is done in the farmer's locality.
3) Show some knowledge of livestock; what breeds of cattle, horse, sheep, and pig are common to the locality; for what they are used. Have worked either with dairy cows, store cattle, pigs, sheep, or horses.
4) Have worked with one of the following: tractor, elevator machine, milking machine, thrashing set. Prove that she has taken part in the work intelligently.
5) Have a knowledge of one of the following:
a) Pedigree stock.
b) The distinguishing characteristics of three varieties of wheat and two varieties of oats and barley.
c) The care and working of farm machinery.
II Dairymaid
1) Have assisted in the care of dairy cows.
2) Show proficiency as a good dry hand milker, or dismantle milking machines. Be able to strip cows thoroughly.
3) Know why cooling, sterilizing, etc., are necessary. Be able to weigh milk and fill or seal churns or bottles.
4) Make butter or cheese, or feed calves.
5) Know something of the different designations, and understand: milk recording or the Attested Scheme, or the function of the M.M.B.
III Poultry Farmer
1) Have worked among poultry.
2) Have reared chicks with hens or incubator and brooder, or have reared ducklings or goslings.
3) Have looked after:
a) Laying hens.
b) A breeding hen; or fattening cockerels.
4) Understanding housing; feeding; disinfecting against insect pests; packing and grading eggs.
5) Have helped in dealing with at least two poultry ills.
IV - Horticulturist
1) Have worked in a garden.
2) Understand the seasonal work for growing hardy flowers and vegetables, and two semi-hardy vegetables, e.g. celery, tomatoes, etc.
3) Show experience of fruit growing (four varieties), or work in a glasshouse.
4) Be able to prune and take cuttings; explain the workings of the garden to a visitor.
V Bee Keeper
1) Have complete charge of a hive of bees.
2) Have taken and hived a swarm, and have fed bees.
3) Have assembled a hive; and extracted and bottled honey.
4) Have some knowledge of the life of the bee and of the bee community.
5) Understand honey production; know the flowers visited by bees for nectar and pollen.
6) Know the precautions to be taken against bee stings and the treatment for them.
VI - Rabbit Keeper
1) Have kept rabbits.
2) Have reared two litters.
3) Understand housing, both indoor and out.
4) Make a chart of suitable feeding stuffs for summer and winter; name some unsuitable foodstuffs which might be given by the inexperienced.
5) Know the ordinary rabbit ailments, their prevention and cure.
6) Name and describe six different breeds and their uses.
7) Understand simple methods of crossing and breeding.
VII - Horsewoman
1) Catch, water, and groom a horse or pony; saddle it or harness it to a cart or trap.
2) Riding: Mount and ride a horse or pony, showing ability to control her mount , walking, trotting, and cantering, and to take it over small jumps; or
Driving: Drive a harness horse or pony through gates, in traffic, and downhill.
3) Understand the main principles of feeding, and the care of horses when stabled and at grass.
4) Understand cleaning and care of harness. Keep sables and harness-room clean and tidy.
5) Understand elementary principles of harnessing, biting, and shoeing to ensure the comfort of the horse. Know how to prevent and relieve sore backs and shoulders, girth galls, and broken hooves.
6) Know when a horse is lame or in poor condition, and be able to treat any of the more obvious causes of lameness, such as a stone in the shoe.
7) Show that she understand something of the temperament of horses and uses tact and common sense in handling them.
A holder of the 'B' Certificate of the Pony Club qualifies for the certificate.
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE
Either part may be taken to qualify.
I - History
This test may be taken in the Ranger's own locality or in her county.
1) Know the origin of eight local place-names.
2) Know a story of the vicinity, or a legend, or a dance.
3) Know the life story of at least three 'local worthies', e.g. saints, heroes, heroines, philanthropists, statesmen, authors, artists, scientists, or other persons of historical or artistic importance, who have spent part of their lives in the neighbourhood.
4) a) Have visited six places of historical interest in the vicinity, and answer questions about them,; or
b) Give a short account of six important events that have taken place in the district.
5) a) Give a description of the district at two different periods in the past, e.g. Norman, Early English, etc.; or
b) Know and describe the implements, pottery, ornaments, inscriptions, etc., that have been found in local excavations.
II - Social Knowledge
The syllabus is based on the candidate's knowledge of her own neighbourhood
1) Have performed acts of civic helpfulness in the town or village, with the approval of some competent authority.
2) Know and describe, with fair accuracy as to position and area, all the public open spaces (commons, parks, gardens, recreation fields,), the public swimming-baths, and play-centres.
3) Guide a stranger to the town hall, guildhall, village halls, and other centres of municipal government.
4) Know the position of police stations, fire stations, and the organization for dealing with fire.
5) Know the positions of the main public institutions: the use to which they are put and something of their relation to the larger social systems, national or provincial, of which they form a part.
6) a) Know the names of the main roads and railways passing through the district, whence and whither they lead; or
b) Describe the means of communication, transport, lighting, water and power supply of the community.
SKIER
1) Pass one of the following tests:
a) Ski Club of Great Britain Third Class.
b) A test similar to the S.C.G.B. Third Class, the tester to be approved by a S.C.G.B. judge.
Note: Test a) can now be taken in Great Britain when there is sufficient snow, as there is a slalom alternative to the timed descent, and this can be run on a shorter slope.
2) a) Ski across country for a minimum of three miles.
or
b) Climb uphill on skis for a minimum of 1,000 ft. and run down. This can be done in sections, e.g. two sections of 500 ft., but not in the same track. The whole run must be completed on the same day,
3) Have a knowledge of the main dangers of snow and weather conditions, especially those liable to produce avalanches.
4) Know the alpine distress signals.
5) Be able to render first aid for the following injuries:
Fracture (including crushed ribs), sprained ankle, twisted knee, haemorrhage (including severe nose bleed), asphyiation, frost-bite, exposure, concussion.
6) Have a knowledge of mountain rescue services, and how to bring down an injured person. Understand the treatment of injured persons in extreme cold.
7) Know the principles of release bindings, and how to adjust and test the main types of these.
WOODCRAFT
1) Keep a nature diary for three months, containing not less than sixty entries.
2) Pass one of the following clauses:
a) Recognise twenty birds in the field by appearance, flight, call, notes or song. Know their haunts, nests and habits.
b) Recognise fifty different plants, know their habitat, flowering season, and method of seed dispersal (fungi and mosses may be included).
c) Keep a daily weather chart for two months; identify the different types of clouds and know what they portend.
d) Identify the four constellations grouped round the Pole Star, know their relative positions in December, March, June, and September; identify six other constellations visible in winter and six visible in summer.
3) Identify twenty trees by their leaves, flowers, fruit, and twigs; recognize them at 50 yds. distance and know the uses of their woods.
4) Have seen and be able to describe the appearance and habits of two wild animals that live in the vicinity.
For Town Rangers only:
When circumstances make clause 4 impossible an extra section under clause 2 may be substituted.